Abstract [FR]<\/strong><\/h4>\n

Selon le dernier rapport de l\u2019Organisation Mondiale de la Sant\u00e9 (OMS) environ 1,3 milliard de personnes fument dans le monde le tabac, avec plus de 8\u00a0millions de morts chaque ann\u00e9e, dont environ 1,3\u00a0million de d\u00e9c\u00e8s involontaires de non-fumeurs expos\u00e9s \u00e0 la fum\u00e9e du tabac. Chaque ann\u00e9e ce sont 4 700 Burkinab\u00e9s qui d\u00e9c\u00e8dent du tabagisme.<\/p>\n

Pour contrer la publicit\u00e9 du tabac, la promotion et le parrainage dans les m\u00e9dias, le Burkina Faso avait instaur\u00e9 une interdiction partielle ne couvrant pas la presse \u00e9crite avant 2010. Puis, pour se mettre en conformit\u00e9 avec la Convention cadre de l\u2019OMS pour la lutte antitabac (CCLAT ou Convention), le pays a renforc\u00e9 ladite interdiction dans la presse \u00e9crite.<\/p>\n

Ayant rencontr\u00e9 peu de publications \u00e9valuant l\u2019impl\u00e9mentation de la loi en place au Burkina Faso, nous avons conduit cette pr\u00e9sente documentation sur l\u2019\u00e9tat de la publicit\u00e9 du tabac, la promotion et le parrainage dans la presse \u00e9crite avant l\u2019adoption de la loi antitabac au Burkina Faso en 2010. Cette p\u00e9riode a couvert de 1990 \u00e0 2009 soit 20 ans.<\/p>\n

D\u00fb au fait que certains m\u00e9dias ne sont pas couverts par l\u2019arsenal juridique actuel du Burkina Faso, dans un prochain article nous nous focaliseront sur la pratique de la publicit\u00e9 du tabac, la promotion et le parrainage dans la presse \u00e9crite \u00e0 partir de l\u2019adoption de la loi antitabac au Burkina Faso en 2010. Nous examinerons l\u2019ensemble des m\u00e9dias y compris les points de vente, les boutiques, les kiosques.<\/p>\n

Grace \u00e0 une \u00e9tude transversale r\u00e9trospective observationnelle et analytique men\u00e9e \u00e0 la biblioth\u00e8que de l\u2019Institut de Recherche pour le D\u00e9veloppement (IRD) et au si\u00e8ge de l\u2019Association Afrique Contre le Tabac (ACONTA) \u00e0 Ouagadougou au Burkina Faso. Nous avons pu observer que les publications des publicit\u00e9s du tabac, de la promotion et du parrainage \u00e9taient une pratique courante dans la presse \u00e9crite avant 2010 au Burkina Faso.<\/p>\n

A partir de 1987, le pays a restreint la publicit\u00e9 du tabac, la promotion et le parrainage. Les textes l\u00e9gislatifs et r\u00e8glementaires en la mati\u00e8re \u00e9taient essentiellement constitu\u00e9s par la Zatu N\u00b0 AN IV-039\/CNR\/CAPRO du 18 juin 1987 portant organisation du monopole des tabacs et la Loi N\u00b023\/94\/ADP du 19 mai 1994 alors que les textes r\u00e8glementaires eux \u00e9taient, le Raabo N\u00b0 AN \u2013 0081\/FP\/SAN\/CAPRO\/DP du 29 f\u00e9vrier 1988 portant r\u00e9glementation de la publicit\u00e9 et des lieux de consommation des tabacs. Mais en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 le Raabo concernant uniquement les \u00e9crans et les panneaux publicitaires et n\u2019englobait pas la presse \u00e9crite, ni \u00e9cout\u00e9e et ne couvrait pas tous les tous les produits du tabac. Les textes du moment permettaient \u00e0 l\u2019industrie du tabac qui ne s\u2019en est pas priv\u00e9e de s\u2019adonner \u00e0 la publicit\u00e9 du tabac, la promotion et le parrainage dans la presse \u00e9crite. Cela a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9 par notre recherche.<\/p>\n

A partir de 2001 la Loi N\u00b0025-2001\/AN du 25 octobre 2001 portant code de la publicit\u00e9 au Burkina Faso a renforc\u00e9 la restriction de la publicit\u00e9 sur le tabac \u00e0 la radio et \u00e0 la t\u00e9l\u00e9vision. Bien que cette \u00e9volution soit notable, l\u2019arsenal juridique au Burkina Faso avant 2010 faisait une large ouverture \u00e0 la publicit\u00e9 dans la presse \u00e9crite. La promotion du tabac \u00e9tait interdite uniquement \u00e0 l\u2019occasion de manifestations t\u00e9l\u00e9vis\u00e9es.<\/p>\n

Toutes les compagnies de tabac menaient de la publicit\u00e9 du tabac et organisaient des promotions et parrainages au profit de leurs marques de cigarettes au Burkina Faso. Ceci a \u00e9t\u00e9 constamment retrouv\u00e9 dans les m\u00e9dias fouill\u00e9s.<\/p>\n

Les actions men\u00e9es par les responsables gouvernementaux et les associations\u00a0dans la lutte contre le tabac, y compris contre la publicit\u00e9 du tabac, la promotion et le parrainage dans les m\u00e9dias \u00e9taient rares au d\u00e9but de la p\u00e9riode notre \u00e9tude en 2009, mais ces actions se sont progressivement intensifi\u00e9es pour culminer par l\u2019adoption de la loi n\u00b040-2010\/AN portant lutte antitabac ensemble ses textes d\u2019application.<\/p>\n

En conclusion, le r\u00f4le de l\u2019\u00e9tat est primordial dans le contr\u00f4le et le suivi des approches publicitaires du tabac, d\u2019autant plus qu\u2019il s\u2019agit de produits nuisibles \u00e0 la sant\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Entre 1990 et 2010 un cadre juridique ne permettait pas de couvrir tous les produits, ni tous les m\u00e9dias notamment la presse \u00e9crite. Ce qui laissait le libre champ \u00e0 l\u2019industrie du tabac pour faire de la publicit\u00e9 du tabac, la promotion et parrainage.<\/p>\n

En ce qui concerne la publicit\u00e9 du tabac, la promotion et le parrainage visibles dans la presse \u00e9crite l\u2019industrie du tabac a utilis\u00e9 toutes les strat\u00e9gies notamment\u00a0: i) la publicit\u00e9 directe du tabac ou des produits du tabac dans les quotidiens observ\u00e9s, ii) le parrainage des activit\u00e9s aux fins de pr\u00e9senter un produit du tabac ou une entit\u00e9 ou acteur de l\u2019industrie du tabac\u00a0; et iii) la promotion des activit\u00e9s aux fins de pr\u00e9senter un produit du tabac ou une entit\u00e9 ou acteur de l\u2019industrie du tabac.<\/p>\n

Si aujourd\u2019hui au Burkina Faso une certaine fine fleur est plus regardante sur l\u2019action des industriels de tabac en mati\u00e8re de publicit\u00e9, promotion et parrainage, c\u2019est incontestablement parce que la l\u00e9gislation nationale a \u00e9volu\u00e9 au vu des engagements nationaux et internationaux. Les actions men\u00e9es par les associations de lutte contre le tabagisme avaient port\u00e9 des fruits ayant abouti \u00e0 renforcer la l\u00e9gislation en 2010. Les industriels du tabac quant \u00e0 eux sont pr\u00eats pour contourner la l\u00e9gislation en fonction de la juridiction en place et son application.<\/p>\n

Mots cl\u00e9s<\/strong>\u00a0: tabac, Burkina Faso, publicit\u00e9, promotion, parrainage, presse \u00e9crite, m\u00e9dias, l\u00e9gislation, r\u00e9glementation, industrie du tabac<\/p>\n

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Abstract [EN]<\/strong><\/h4>\n

According to the latest report from the World Health Organization (WHO), around 1.3 billion people worldwide smoke tobacco, resulting in over 8 million deaths every year, including around 1.3 million unintentional deaths of non-smokers exposed to tobacco smoke. Every year, 4,700 people in Burkina Faso die from smoking.<\/p>\n

To counter tobacco advertising, promotion and sponsorship in the media, Burkina Faso introduced a partial ban that did not cover the print media until 2010. Then, to comply with the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC or Convention), the country strengthened the ban in the print media.<\/p>\n

Having encountered few publications assessing the implementation of the law in place in Burkina Faso, we conducted this present documentation on the state of tobacco advertising, promotion and sponsorship in the print media prior to the adoption of the tobacco control law in Burkina Faso in 2010. This period covered 1990 to 2009, i.e. 20 years.<\/p>\n

Given that some media are not covered by Burkina Faso’s current legal arsenal, in the next article we will focus on the practice of tobacco advertising, promotion and sponsorship in the print media since the adoption of Burkina Faso’s smoke-free law in 2010. We’ll be looking at all media, including points of sale, boutiques and kiosks.<\/p>\n

Thanks to a retrospective observational and analytical cross-sectional study conducted at the library of the Institut de Recherche pour le D\u00e9veloppement (IRD) and at the headquarters of the Association Afrique Contre le Tabac (ACONTA) in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. We observed that the publication of tobacco advertising, promotion and sponsorship was common practice in Burkina Faso’s print media prior to 2010.<\/p>\n

Since 1987, the country has restricted tobacco advertising, promotion and sponsorship. The legislative and regulatory texts on the subject were essentially Zatu N\u00b0 AN IV-039\/CNR\/CAPRO of June 18, 1987 on the organization of the tobacco monopoly and Law N\u00b023\/94\/ADP of May 19, 1994, while the regulatory texts were Raabo N\u00b0 AN – 0081\/FP\/SAN\/CAPRO\/DP of February 29, 1988 regulating tobacco advertising and places of consumption. In reality, however, Raabo only concerned advertising screens and billboards, and did not cover the print or broadcast media, nor all tobacco products. The texts in force at the time allowed the tobacco industry to indulge in tobacco advertising, promotion and sponsorship in the print media. Our research uncovered all of this.<\/p>\n

In 2001, Law N\u00b0025-2001\/AN of October 25, 2001 on the advertising code in Burkina Faso tightened restrictions on tobacco advertising on radio and television. Although this is a significant development, the legal arsenal in Burkina Faso prior to 2010 allowed a wide opening for advertising in the print media. Tobacco promotion was prohibited only during televised events.<\/p>\n

All tobacco companies carried out tobacco advertising and organized promotions and sponsorships for their cigarette brands in Burkina Faso. This was constantly reported in the media we investigated.<\/p>\n

Actions taken by government officials and associations in the fight against tobacco, including tobacco advertising, promotion and sponsorship in the media, were rare at the start of our study period in 2009, but these actions gradually intensified, culminating in the adoption of law n\u00b040-2010\/AN on tobacco control together with its implementing texts.<\/p>\n

In conclusion, the role of the state is essential in controlling and monitoring tobacco advertising approaches, especially as these products are harmful to health.<\/p>\n

Between 1990 and 2010, the legal framework did not allow coverage of all products, nor of all media, especially the print media. This left the tobacco industry free to engage in tobacco advertising, promotion and sponsorship.<\/p>\n

With regard to tobacco advertising, promotion and sponsorship visible in the print media, the tobacco industry has used all kinds of strategies, including: i) direct advertising of tobacco or tobacco products in the dailies observed; ii) sponsorship of activities for the purpose of presenting a tobacco product or an entity or player in the tobacco industry; and iii) promotion of activities for the purpose of presenting a tobacco product or an entity or player in the tobacco industry.<\/p>\n

If today in Burkina Faso a certain \u201cfine fleur\u201d is more watchful over the actions of tobacco manufacturers in terms of advertising, promotion and sponsorship, it is undoubtedly because national legislation has evolved in the light of national and international commitments. Action taken by anti-smoking associations has borne fruit, leading to the strengthening of legislation in 2010. Tobacco manufacturers, for their part, are ready to circumvent the legislation depending on the jurisdiction in place and its application.<\/p>\n

Keywords<\/strong>: tobacco, Burkina Faso, advertising, promotion, sponsorship, print media, media, legislation, regulation, tobacco industry<\/p>\n

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Titre<\/strong> : La publicit\u00e9 du tabac, la promotion et le parrainage dans la presse \u00e9crite de 1990 \u00e0 2009 avant l\u2019adoption de la loi antitabac au Burkina Faso en 2010
\nAuteur(s)<\/strong> : OULD SIDI MOHAMED Mohamed<\/a>, OUEDRAOGO Georges<\/a>, SIMPORE Ismael<\/a><\/p>\n

Publi\u00e9 dans\u00a0<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0Journal des sciences sociales et de l\u2019ing\u00e9nierie<\/a>\u00a0,\u00a0\u00a0Volume 36<\/a>\u00a0\u00a0,\u00a0\u00a0<\/em>num\u00e9ro 8<\/a>
\nDoi<\/strong>\u00a0:\u00a010.55272\/rufso.rjsse<\/a>
\n<\/em><\/p>\n

T\u00e9l\u00e9charger en PDF<\/a><\/strong><\/h3>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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